I

1. skin, leather, hide, fur, pelt
2. letter, later, latter, ladder, lather, litter, liter, lighter
3. tough, taught, though, thought, through, throughout, thorough, threw
4. quiet, quite, quit, cute
5. brief, breathe, breath, bread, breadth
6. strait, straight
7. trust, thrust
8. week, weak
9. great, grade, grate, greet,
10. corps, corpse
11. people, peoples
12. effect, affect
13. accident, incident
14. accept, except, expect
15. inspire, expire, perspire
16. life, live(v), live (adj), leaf, leave (v), leave (n), leaves, lives
17. hair, hairs
18. work, works
19. damage, damages
20. policy, politics
21. desserts, a vast desert, a desert island, desert from the army, a deserted building
22. Mary, marry, merry
23. break, brake
24. warm, worm
25. trust, thrust, thirst
26. dress, undress, put on, put off, take on, take off, wear, carry, bear, take, bring, fetch, get
27. die, dye
28. fall, fell, feel, felt, felled, felt hat
29. lie-lied-lied-lying; lie-lay-lain-lying; lay-laid-laid-laying
30. by, bye, buy, bay, boy, buoy
31. canvas, canvass
32. peace, piece, peas
33. mop, mob
34. coach, couch
35. sour, soar
36. soap, soup
37. drought, draught, draft
38. price, prize, praise, prise
39. flower, flour
40. treat, threat, thread, tread
41. beer, bear, bare
42. heal, heel, hell
43. dumb, dump
44. poor, pore, pour
45. trash, thrash, thresh
46. lunch, launch
47. psychiatry, psychology, pneumonia
48. poodle, puddle
49. hi, he, high, height, hay
50. desk, deck
51. month, mouth, moth
52. meet, meat, mete
53. berry, bury
54. star, stare, stair
55. faces, feces

II

dog house
house dog

1. face mask
2. toy store
3. language school
4. gift shop
5. chicken soup bowl
6. car production costs
7. the England football team coach
8. the school cricket team coach
9. village church
10. kitchen window
11. door bell
12. sports car
13. office chair
14. picnic table
15. umbrella stand
16. coat pocket
17. potato peeler
18. ice bucket, ice cube, ice breaker, ice age, ice bucket challenge
19. wind breaker
20. spine injury
21. leather goods
22. police dog (dog police)
23. farm buildings
24. flower bed
25. family room couch
26. toy factory building
27. rock garden tools
28. four-bedroom country house
29. six-year prison sentence
30. grammar program
31. government administration
32. state subsidy
33. court case
34. trade deal
35. drug overdose
36. health care system
37. cancer treatments
38. comments section
39. insurance market
40. can sculpture
41. paper ornaments
42. nursery school
43. nursery garden
44. school nurse
45. nursing school
46. seasonal bedding plant nursery
47. marriage certificate
48. materials laboratory vs laboratory materials
49. grammar practice exercises
50. vision examination vs visual examination
51. government road accident research center
52. remote-sensing detectors
53. cross-section
54. laboratory set-up
55. power station
56. construction materials
57. law school
58. insurance policy, company policy, shop refund policy
59. the experienced summer baseball league staff
60. child health care research center
61. faculty office
62. a low-temperature power system
63. low-frequency system
64. water-proof material
65. bullet-proof vest
66. national security satellites
67. standard long-term effects
68. computer mediated communication
69. flea market
70. carboot sale
71. book jacket, dust jacket, book protector, book sleeve

III

1. dog house
2. house dog
3. race horse
4. horse race
5. chocolate milk
6. milk chocolate
7. tour group
8. group tour
9. traffic light
10. light traffic
11. barrier cone
12. cone barrier
13. government official
14. official government website
15. government official website
16. software organisation
17. organisation software
18. phone case
19. bookcase
20. casebook
21. book club
22. club book
23. car production
24. production car
25. club record
26. record club
27. club book
28. book club
29. family member
30. member family
31. houseboat
32. boathouse
33. care home
34. home care
35. target market
36. market target
37. course management
38. management course
39. course management software
40. government programme
41. programme government
42. law school
43. school law
44. health problem
45. problem health
46. family tree
47. tree family
48. body language
49. language body
50. kitchen cupboard
51. cupboard kitchen
52. language school
53. school language
54. I need stuff to finish.
55. I need to finish stuff.

IV

BIRD HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE MURDER MYSTERY

Dawlish pub car park cliff plunge man rescued
(in: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-26010026)
(a screenshot of the article)

He is self-employed and carries out a range of building, repair and maintenance jobs to the outside of tall structures such as church spires, monuments, industrial chimneys and high rise buildings.

FAX TRANSMISSION NETWORK ACCESS COST OPTIMIZATION PROPOSAL

V

1. service level agreement achievement percentage
2. business computing solution areas
3. security policy orchestration software
4. business process improvement methodologies
5. remote encryption passphrase reset
   (source: http://contentrules.com/noun-cluster/)

Prepositions are probably the most difficult hurdle to overcome, both for the Bulgarians studying English, and for the English struggling with Bulgarian. When it comes to prepositions, almost everyone is baffled at the perceived lack of logic in the target language, while overlooking the exact same lack of logic in the use of prepositions in their native language.

Prepositions, as the Cambridge Dictionary points out, are words that are used before a noun, a noun phrase, or a pronoun, connecting it to another word, and in that they lack any specific meaning of their own, which means that they acquire meaning only in their combinations with other words in the sentence.

For that reason, we cannot assume that prepositions have “translations” in the same sense that other words have, with all the caveats that “translations” entail (e.g. table translated to Bulgarian is (more often than not) маса, and, if we go in the opposite direction, бележник is (very often, though not always) notebook. But the use of prepositions is more or less arbitrary, and even native speakers, when confronted with the question about what exactly a particular preposition means, arrive at the conclusion that there is no clear and definitive answer to that.

What exacerbates the problem is the fact that, at the beginning of every language course, students encounter prepositions in a few restricted use cases (e.g. for spatial relations) and are very easily left with the impression that words like in, on, under, etc. have exact translations in the target language, and later try to use those perceived translations in the subsequent use cases they encounter:
в стаята – in the room
на бюрото – on the desk
BUT:
at 5 o’clock – в 5 часа
on Monday – в понеделник
depend on – завися от

The trouble with prepositions is that they have no translations, they have equivalents, for example:

at six o’clock – в шест часа
at home – вкъщи
at work – на работа
he gestured at the shelves – той посочи към рафтовете
at a high speed – с висока скорост
at the mention of – при споменаването на
at the door – на вратата (There is someone at the door – Има някой на вратата) BUT: on the door – на вратата (There is something written on the door – Има нещо написано на вратата)

ходя по тревата – walk on the grass
говоря по телефона – speak on the phone
ходя по улицата – walk along the street
пет по пет е двадесет и пет – fives times five is twenty-five
по заповед – by order
по навик – out of habit
по Коледа – at Christmas
един по един – one by one
професор по история – professor in history BUT: учебник по физика – a Physics textbook

Sometimes, one language will not require the use of a preposition, while the other will:
Чакам X влака. – I am waiting FOR the train.
Слушам X музика. – I am listening TO music.
AND
Помагам на Том. – I am helping X Tom.
Свиря на пиано. – I play X the piano.
Том е на 25 години. – Tom is X 25.

Some other prepositions presenting difficulties to either Bulgarians or the English:

Tom is going to the cinema. – Том отива на кино.
Tom is going X home. – Том си отива у дома/вкъщи.

at the moment – в момента
in a moment – след минута

He drinks coffee in the morning – Той пие кафе X сутрин.

before (an event) – преди (събитие)
before the lesson – преди урока
before the war – преди войната
before the movie – преди филма
BUT
(some time) ago – преди (отрязък от време)
a week ago – преди една седмица
five days ago – преди пет дни

I have known John for five years. – Познавам Джон от пет години.
I have known John since January. – Познавам Джон от януари.

What is evident is the complete lack of any logic in the choices the two languages have made about expressing the same relationships when prepositions are concerned. Therefore, one cannot “learn” the rules of using a certain preposition; the best course of action is to simply memorize the combinations, one (or a few) at a time, until the relevant phrases become internalized and their usage becomes automatic (mostly through repetition).

What I require my students to do to achieve this, is to make a note of every preposition they encounter, and, after asking themselves the question: “Can I produce this exact phrase in the target language if I need to?”, to write the whole sentence down and make sure they circle the preposition in the cases when the answer is negative or when they are not certain about it. Usually, in a couple of months, they become more confident and a feeling emerges that, even if the war still seems impossible to win, they at least have managed to triumph in a few battles.

Types of questions

There are two major types of questions in Bulgarian:
1. questions containing an interrogative pronoun (e.g. кой, какъв) or an interrogative adverb (e.g. кога, защо) – the so-called special questions or wh-questions;
2. questions containing an interrogative particle (e.g. ли, нали) – the so-called yes/no questions or closed questions.

Since the interrogative pronouns and the interrogative adverbs function as a sufficient “signal” that we are asking a question, the word order of the questions is quite flexible. This is in stark contrast with English, where the interrogative pronouns and the interrogative adverbs can function as relative pronouns and relative adverbs:
Кой дойде вчера? – Who came yesterday?
Мъжът, който дойде, е брат ми. – The man who came is my brother.
Къде ходиш след училище? – Where do you go after school?
Там, където ходиш, е опасно. – Where you go is dangerous.

The interrogative pronoun/adverb can be moved to the middle of the sentence without hindering understanding:
Къде живее Мери? = Мери къде живее? (Where does Mary live?)
Какво е това тук? = Това тук какво е? (What is this here?)
The second examples in which we have moved Мери and това тук to the beginning of the sentence imply that they bear the logical stress, so a more precise rendering of their meaning in English would be “Where does Mary (and not someone else) live?” and “What is this here (as opposed to anything else)?”

It has to be noted, however, that in everyday conversations such placing of the question word will not always indicate that the emphasis has been placed on the sentence element that was moved to the front. Thus, depending on the intonation, sentences like
Том кога ще дойде? (When will Tom come?)
Тим защо е дал книгата на Джейн? (Why has Tom given the book to Jane?)
can be interpreted as neutral and practically equivalent to the respective English questions.

It is even possible to place the question word at the end of the sentence in order to express incredulity, irritation or surprise (accompanied with sharply rising intonation usually uncharacteristic of this type of question):
Том ще дойде кога? (The speaker is either incredulous or irritated by the time of Tom’s arrival)

Questions containing interrogative pronouns

Кой е най-добрият ти приятел? – Who (masculine) is your best friend?
Коя е най-добрата ти приятелка? – Who (feminine) is your best friend?
Кое е най-красивото момиче? – Who (neutral) is the most beautiful girl?
Кои са най-красивите момичета? – Who (plural) are the most beautiful girls?
Какъв вестник четеш? – What (masculine) newspaper are you reading?
Кой вестник четеш? – Which (masculine) newspaper are you reading?
Какъв искаш да стенеш? – What (masculine) do you want to become?
Каква музика слуша той? – What (feminine) music does he listen to?
Какво обичаш да правиш? – What (neutral) do you like doing?
Какви обувки имаш? – What (plural) shoes do you have?
Чий е този стол? – Whose (masculine) is this chair?
Чия шапка е това? – Whose (feminine) hat is this?
Чие дете плаче? – Whose (neutral) child is crying?
Чии родители ще дойдат? – Whose (plural) parents will come?
Кого познавате? – Who(m) do you know?
Кому/на кого помагате? – (кому is an archaic form, commonly replaced by на кого nowadays) Who(m) do you help?
Що е то? (що is an archaic form, commonly replaced by какво nowadays) – What is it?
Колко приятели имаш? – How many friends do you have?
Колко кафе пие тя? – How much coffee does she drink?

Questions containing interrogative adverbs

Къде учи Том? – Where does Tom study?
Кога ставате? – When do you get up?
Как направи това? – How did you do this?
Защо дойдоха? – Why did they come?

Questions containing interrogative particles

The most commonly used interrogative particle in Bulgarian is ли. Ли is usually placed directly after the word that is the logical focus of the question (the word being emphasized, the word which will be confirmed or negated in the answer):
Ще вали ли? – Will it rain?

The interrogative particle ли isn’t itself stressed, but the word preceding it is pronounced with a raised voice:
Петър ли вчера донесе книгите? – Was it Peter who brought the books yesterday?
Петър вчера ли донесе книгите? – Was it yesterday when Peter brought the books?)
Петър книгите ли донесе вчера? – Was it the books that Peter brought yesterday?
Петър донесе ли книгите вчера? – Did Peter bring the books yesterday (as opposed to keeping them)?

Note that when the particle ли asks about the verb, the verb (together with the particle ли) tends to be placed in the middle of the sentence (rather than at the end) if there is another (one or more) secondary part of the sentence present (Петър донесе ли книгите вчера?) and usually stands at the end of the sentence only if there are no secondary parts to accompany the verb (Ще вали ли?).

Other interrogative particles are: дали, нали, нима, да не би да, а, е, and the archaic мигар, зер:

Дали ще вали? – Will it rain, I wonder?
Нали ще ми кажеш? – You will tell me, won’t you?*
Нима не знаеш? – (to express surprise) Don’t you know?
Да не би да знаеш отговора? – Do you happen to know the answer?
А? Какво каза? – (as a colloquial substitute for Pardon?) Eh? What did you say?
Утре заминаваш, а? – (as a colloquial substitute for нали) – You are leaving tomorrow, aren’t you?
E? (or Е, и?, or И? ) – when we are urging the interlocutor to continue speaking

*Нали is used as an equivalent of the so-called tag questions, but, unlike English, its position in the sentence isn’t fixed:
Tom is working in the garden, isn’t he?
Нали Том работи в градината?
Том нали работи в градината?
Том работи в градината, нали?

Tim arrived at the airport early, didn’t he?
Нали Тим пристигна на летището рано?
Тим нали пристигна на летището рано?
Тим пристигна на летището рано, нали?

Questions containing interrogative pronouns/adverbs and interrogative particles

Bulgarian question can contain both an interrogative pronoun or adverb and an interrogative particle. They usually express uncertainty, hesitation, exasperation, etc:
Кой ли ще дойде? – Who will come? (the speaker is uncertain that anyone will come)
Защо ли те питам? – Why am I asking you? (shows exasperation or impatience)
Къде ли са отишли? – Where have they gone? (the speaker has no idea where they might have gone)

Other types of questions

As is the case with multiple other languages, a question can be formed by just using interrogative intonation with a declarative sentence, or even a single word:
Иван ще дойде? Сега? – Ivan will come? Now?

We can also have questions such as:
Петър ли ще дойде, или Ана? – Will Peter come, or Anna?

We can ask a question based on another question, and in this case there will be two question words or a combination of a question word and a particle:
A: Кой ще ти помогне? B: Как кой ще ми помогне? (А: Who will help you? B: How come who will help me? – to express doubt as to the general legitimacy of the first question).
A: Кога е дошъл Том? B: Том ли кога е дошъл? (А: When did Tom come? B: Is it Tom’s arrival that you are asking about? – to clarify some part of the first question)

Sources:
Пашов, Петър. Българска граматика. Пловдив, Изд. къща “Хермес”, 2005
Бояджиев, Тодор, Иван Куцаров и Йордан Пенчев. Съвременен български език. София, Изд. къща “Петър Берон”, 1999

Правопис и произношение на окончанието -ed

Правописни особености:

В повечето случаи само добавяме -ed към основната форма (инфинитива) на съответния глагол, без каквато и да е правописна промяна:
work – worked
kiss – kissed
open – opened
start – started

Ако основната форма на глагола завършва на “нямо” е (т.е. е, което не се произнася), към нея добавяме само –d:
smile – smiled
like – liked
love – loved

Ако основната форма на глагола завършва на y след съгласна, y се променя в i и се добавя окончанието –ed:
study – studied
try – tried
cry – cried

Но ако основната форма на глагола завършва на y след гласна, само добавяме окончанието –ed:
stay – stayed

Ако основната форма завършва на кратка гласна под ударение, изразена с една буква и последвана от една съгласна, удвоява последната си съгласна, преди да добавим окончанието -ed:
stop – stopped
hop – hopped
permit – permitted
pin – pinned

В случай, че дори само едно от тези условия не е изпълнено, не удвояваме последната съгласна:
hope – hoped (гласната е под ударение и изразена с една буква, но не е кратка и не е последвана само от една съгласна)
develop – developed (гласната е кратка, изразена с една буква и последвана само от една съгласна, но не е под ударение)

Произношение:

Окончанието –ed се произнася по три начина:

/t/ след беззвучни съгласни:

work /wɜː(r)k/ – worked /wɜː(r)kt/
kiss /kɪs/ – kissed /kɪst/
stop /stɒp/ – stopped /stɒpt/

/d/ след звучни съгласни и гласни:

close /kləʊz/ – closed /kləʊzd/
open /ˈəʊpən/ – opened /ˈəʊpənd/
love /lʌv/ – loved /lʌvd/
learn /lɜː(r)n/ – learned /lɜː(r)nd/

play /pleɪ/ – played /pleɪd/
try /traɪ/ – tried /traɪd/
show /ʃəʊ/ – showed /ʃəʊd/

/id/ след t и d:

start /stɑː(r)t/ – started /stɑː(r)tid/
wait /weɪt/ – waited /weɪtid/
hate /heɪt/ – hated /heɪtid/
taste /teɪst/ – tasted /teɪstid/

need /niːd/ – needed /niːdid/
decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ – decided /dɪˈsaɪdid/
end /end/ – ended /endid/
add /æd/ – added /ædid/
nod /nɒd/ – nodded /nɒdid/
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ – avoided /əˈvɔɪdid/
blend /blend/ – blended /blendid/

Английската азбука

За да чете на английски, човек най-напред трябва да научи английската азбука. А тя е много различна от нашата.

Това, което първо ще научим за буквите, са техните имена:

Главните букви:

Малките букви:

Понякога буквите изглеждат различно:

Кажи имената на тези букви:

Каква е разликата между звук и буква?

Буква е това, което пишем.

Буквите в английската азбука имат имена и ние току-що ги научихме.

Звук е това, което изговаряме.

В следващия урок ще научим, че в английски език не всички букви се четат винаги по един и същи начин и че, точно както в български, имената на буквите често се различават от звуковете, които четем, когато срещнем някоя буква в думите. Ще се научим кога кой звук трябва да четем. Ще започнем, разбира се, с най-лесните букви.

Упражнения:

A B C D E

F G H I J

K L M N O

P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z

Connect the dots 1

Connect the dots 1a

Colour the letters 1

Colour the letters 2

Colour the letters 3

Alphabet maze 1a

Tricky letters 1 (a, b, d, g)

mɑːˈsɛl ænd ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz

mɑːˈsɛl ɪz ə frɛnʧ maʊs. hiːz ə dɪˈtɛktɪv ænd hiː lɪvz ɪn ˈpærɪs. bʌt mɑːˈsɛl dʌznt lɪv ɪn ˈpærɪs ɔːl jɪə. ˈɛvri nəʊˈvɛmbə hiː ˈvɪzɪts ˈlʌndən. hɪz əʊld frɛnd – ˈhɛnri – hæz ə smɔːl flæt ðeə.

mɑːˈsɛl lʌvz ˈlʌndən. ðə ˈbjuːtəfʊl ˈbɪldɪŋz… ðə bɪg, blæk ˈtæksɪs… ðə mju(ː)ˈzɪəmz ænd ʃɒps. hiː lʌvz ˈpærɪs, bʌt hiː lʌvz ˈlʌndən tuː.

ðɪs ˈstɔːri ɪz əˈbaʊt wʌn ɒv mɑːˈsɛlz nəʊˈvɛmbə ˈhɒlədeɪz. ɪt stɑːts æt θriː əˈklɒk ɒn ə ˈtjuːzdeɪ ˈɑːftəˈnuːn. mɑːˈsɛl ɪz ˈwɔːkɪŋ frɒm naitsbridʒ ˈsteɪʃən tuː ˈhɛnriz flæt. hiː hæz tuː ˈhɛvi bægz wɪð hɪm.

ˈhɛnriz əˈdrɛs ɪz ´fɔ:ti-tu: əʊld ˈwɪltən striːt. mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt ðə ˈnʌmbəz – ´θə:ti-siks – ´θə:ti-eit – ´fɔ:ti. jɛs, hɪər ɪt ɪz. ˈnʌmbə ´fɔ:ti-tu:.

hiː siːz ə saɪn. ɪt sɛz prəˈfɛsə ʤeɪ tiː ˈbɑːtən. mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt ɪt ænd θɪŋks, ðæts njuː.’ ðɛn hiː gəʊz daʊn tuː ˈhɛnriz flæt.

ˈhɛnri ˈəʊpənz ðə dɔːr ænd smaɪlz.

”mɑːˈsɛl!” hiː sɛz. ”kʌm ɪn, kʌm ɪn!”

”hɛˈləʊ, ˈhɛnri,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz.

”haʊ ɑː juː?” (hɪz ˈɪŋglɪʃ ɪz ˈvɛri gʊd.)

”aɪm ˈvɛri wɛl. ænd juː?”

”aɪm ˈvɛri wɛl,tuː, θæŋks.”

”gʊd, gʊd.” ˈhɛnri teɪks mɑːˈsɛlz kəʊt. ”naʊ,” hiː sɛz, ”lɛts hæv sʌm tiː.”

ðə tuː frɛndz sɪt ɪn bɪg ʧeəz. ðeɪ drɪŋk tiː ænd tɔːk.

æt faɪv əˈklɒk mɑːˈsɛl sɛz, ”ðeəz ə njuː ˈpɜːsn ɪn ˈnʌmbə ´fɔ:ti-tu:. wɒts hɪz neɪm? bɜːtn? ˈbɑːrnəm?”

”bɑːtən,” ˈhɛnri sɛz. ”prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən. hiːz ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈklɛvə. ænd ðæts nɒt ɔːl. ˈɑːftə təˈmɒrəʊ hiːz ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː biː ˈfeɪməs, tuː!”

”feɪməs?!” mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt hɪz ˈɪŋglɪʃ frɛnd. ”waɪ?”

”ɪts ə ˈvɛri ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ ˈstɔːri,” ˈhɛnri sɛz. ”hiː hæz sʌm ˈlɛtəz. ðeɪ wɜːr ˈʌndə ðə flɔːr ɒv ən əʊld ˈwʊmənz haʊs ɪn ˈɒksfəd.”

”ænd…?” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz.

”ænd ðeə frɒm ˈʃeɪkspɪə tuː hɪz sʌn,” ˈhɛnri sɛz.

”ʃeɪkspɪə!”

”jɛs.” ˈhɛnri smaɪlz. ”ˈʃeɪkspɪə. ði əʊld ˈleɪdi ˈtɛlɪfəʊnd prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən, ænd ðə prəˈfɛsə ˈvɪzɪtɪd hɜː. ðeɪ tɔːkt əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɛtəz ænd ʃiː sɛd, “aɪ wɒnt tuː gɪv ðɛm tuː ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mju(ː)ˈzɪəm ɪn ˈlʌndən. kæn juː duː ðæt fɔː miː?”

”ænd prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən sɛd jɛs?”

”ðæts raɪt.”

”weər ɑː ðə ˈlɛtəz naʊ?” mɑːˈsɛl ɑːsks.

”ɪn ðə prəˈfɛsəz flæt. hiːz ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː gɪv ðɛm tuː ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mju(ː)ˈzɪəm təˈmɒrəʊ ˈmɔːnɪŋ æt tɛn əˈklɒk. ə lɒt ɒv ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts ænd ˌtiːˈviː ˈpiːpl ɑː ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː biː ðeə.”

ˈsʌdnli ðeəz ə bɪg bæŋ! ænd ðɛn ə lɒŋ ˈwiz!

”wɒts ðæt nɔɪz?” mɑːˈsɛl ɑːsks. hiː gəʊz tuː ðə ˈwɪndəʊ. ðɛn hiː rɪˈmɛmbəz. ”əʊ – ˈfaɪəwɜːks. ɒv kɔːs, ɪts ðiː fifθ ɒv nəʊˈvɛmbə – jɔː gaɪ fɔːks deɪ”.

ðɛn ə mæn wɔːks daʊn ðə stɛps frɒm ´fɔ:ti-tu: əʊld ˈwɪltən striːt.

mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt hɪm. ”ɪz ðæt prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən?” hiː ɑːsks.

”jɛs,” ˈhɛnri ˈɑːnsəz.

”hiː ˈɔːlweɪz gəʊz tuː ðə ˈsɪnəmə ɒn ˈtjuːzdeɪ ˈiːvnɪŋz.”

”ɑ(ː)ˈhɑː!” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz.

”waɪ duː juː seɪ ɑ(ː)ˈhɑː!”?’ ˈhɛnri lʊks æt hɪz frɛnʧ frɛnd.

ðɛn ˈsʌdnli hiː ˌʌndəˈstændz. ”əʊ, juː wɒnt tuː lʊk æt ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz.” hiː smaɪlz. ”əʊˈkeɪ. waɪ nɒt?”

ˈɑːftə tiː, ðə tuː maɪs ˈvɪzɪt prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtənz flæt. ðeəz ə smɔːl həʊl nɪə ðə frʌnt dɔː. ˈhɛnri stɒps ɪn frʌnt ɒv ɪt.

”hɪə wiː ɑː,” hiː sɛz. ”duː juː wɒnt tuː gəʊ ɪn fɜːst?”

”nəʊ, nəʊ. ˈɑːftə juː,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz.

æt faiv ´fifti-faiv ðeər ɪn ðə prəˈfɛsəz flæt. ɪts ˈvɛri bɪg, wɪð ə lɒt ɒv əʊld ʧeəz ænd bʊks. ðeər ɑː sʌm ˈbjuːtəfʊl ˈpɪkʧəz, tuː.

”kʌm wɪð miː,” ˈhɛnri sɛz.

hiː wɔːks əˈkrɒs ðə flɔː. ðɛn hiː stɑːts tuː klaɪm ə ˈvɛri tɔːl ˈbʊkkeɪs. mɑːˈsɛl ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm. ðeɪ gəʊ ʌp ænd ʌp ænd ʌp fɔːr ə lɒŋ taɪm. ðɛn mɑːˈsɛl sɪts ɒn ʧɑːlz ˈdɪkɪnzɪz bʊk, ˈlɪtl dɔ:rit. hiː kæn hɪər ə lɒt ɒv ˈfaɪəwɜːks ɪn ðə striːt.

bæŋ! bæŋ! bæŋ! ðeɪ gəʊ.

ðeəz ə smɔːl, waɪt ˈbʌtn ɪn ðə ˈbʊkkeɪs. ˈhɛnri smaɪlz æt
mɑːˈsɛl, ænd ˈprɛsɪz ɪt. ˈsʌdnli, sʌm ɒv ðə bʊks stɑːt tuː muːv.

”waɪ ɑː ðeɪ ˈmuːvɪŋ?” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. ðɛn hiː ˌʌndəˈstændz.

”ɑː, aɪ ˌʌndəˈstænd. ðeəz ə seɪf.”

”jɛs,” ˈhɛnri sɛz. ”naʊ, juː steɪ hɪə. aɪm ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː ˈəʊpən ɪt.”

hiː teɪks sʌm bluː ˈpeɪpə frɒm hɪz ʤiːnz. ðɛn hiː klaɪmz daʊn tuː ðə seɪf. ðeər ɑː sʌm ˈnʌmbəz ɒn ðə ˈpeɪpə. hiː stɑːts tuː riːd ðɛm. ”´fifti-faiv -´fɔ:´ti:n – ´siksti-tu: –  ´twenti-nain –  eit. jɛs, ðæts raɪt.” ˈɑːftə ðæt, hiː pʊts hɪz hændz ɒn ðə seɪf ænd muːvz ðə ˈdaɪəl tuː ðə lɛft. ”´fifti-faiv,” hiː sɛz. ðɛn hiː muːvz ðə ˈdaɪəl tuː ðə raɪt. ”´fɔ:´ti:n” ˈsʌdnli ðeəz ə ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri bɪg bæŋ!!!

” waʊ!” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. ”ðæt wɒz ə bɪg ˈfaɪəwɜːk.”

” hɛnri dʌznt stɒp. ”siksti-tu:,” hiː sɛz. ”´twenti-nain ænd…!” hiː muːvz ðə ˈdaɪəl əˈgɛn. ”… eit. ðeə – ðæts ɪt.” hiː smaɪlz æt mɑːˈsɛl ænd ˈəʊpənz ðə seɪf. bʌt ðɛn ˈsʌdnli hɪz maʊθ fɔːlz ˈəʊpən.

”əʊ nəʊ!” hiː sɛz.

”wɒts rɒŋ?” mɑːˈsɛl ɑːsks. ”ðeə nɒt hɪə,” ˈhɛnri sɛz. ”ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz. ðeə nɒt hɪə!”

mɑːˈsɛl klaɪmz daʊn ðə ˈbʊkkeɪs ænd lʊks. hɪz frɛnd ɪz raɪt. ðə ˈlɛtəz ɑːnt ɪn ðə seɪf, bʌt ðæts nɒt ɔːl.

ðeəz ə bɪg həʊl æt ðə bæk ɒv ðə seɪf, ænd ə lɒt ɒv sməʊk, tuː.

mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt ˈhɛnri. ˈhɛnri lʊks æt mɑːˈsɛl. ðɛn ðeɪ klaɪm ˈɪntuː ðə seɪf.

”lʊk,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. hiː kæn siː ə ruːm ɪn ˈnʌmbə 40 əʊld ˈwɪltən striːt. hiː kæn siː ə ˈpɜːsn, tuː – ə tɔːl ˈwʊmən ɪn ə rɛd drɛs. ʃiːz ˈsɪtɪŋ æt ə ˈteɪbl ænd ˈtɔːkɪŋ ɒn ðə ˈtɛlɪfəʊn.

”duː juː θɪŋk…?” ˈhɛnri stɑːts.

”ʃʃʃʃʃʃʃ” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. ðə tuː maɪs sɪt ænd ˈlɪsn.

”ðæts raɪt,” ðə ˈwʊmən sɛz. ”aɪm ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː njuː jɔːk. jɛs, ðɪs ˈiːvnɪŋ.” ʃiː raɪts ɒn ə ˈnəʊtˌpæd. ”θæŋk juː.” ʃiː pʊts daʊn ðə ˈtɛlɪfəʊn.

ðeəz ə bæg ɒn ðə bɛd ɪn frʌnt ɒv hɜː.

ɪn ɪt mɑːˈsɛl kæn siː sʌm ˈlɛtəz.

ðə ˈwʊmən ˈkləʊsɪz ðə bæg. ˈɑːftə ðæt, ʃiː wɔːks tuː ðə dɔː. ʃiː ˈəʊpənz ɪt, ænd ðɛn ˈkləʊsɪz ɪt bɪˈhaɪnd hɜː.

ˈhɛnri lʊks æt mɑːˈsɛl ɪn ðə hɒt, dɑːk seɪf. ”wɒt ɑː wiː ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː duː?” hiː ɑːsks. ”ðæt ˈwʊmənz gɒt ðə ˈlɛtəz. lɛts ˈtɛlɪfəʊn ðə pəˈliːs.”

”nəʊ, ðeər ˈɪznt taɪm,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. ”duː juː nəʊ hɜː?”

”ðə ˈwʊmən? nəʊ, aɪ dəʊnt.”

”huː ˈjuːʒʊəli lɪvz ɪn ðæt flæt?”

”tuː əʊld ˈwɪmɪn, bʌt ðeər ɒn ˈhɒlədeɪ ɪn speɪn. əʊ mɑːˈsɛl, wɒt ɑː wiː ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː duː?”

mɑːˈsɛl lʊks ˈɪntuː ðə dɑːk flæt. ”kʌm wɪð miː,” hiː sɛz. hiː klaɪmz ˈɪntuː ði əʊld ˈwɪmɪnz flæt. ˈhɛnri ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm. ðə tuː maɪs rʌn əˈkrɒs ðə flɔː. ðɛn ðeɪ klaɪm ʌp ə ˈteɪbl. ɒn ðə ˈteɪbl, ðeəz ə ˈjɛləʊ laɪt ænd ə smɔːl, waɪt ˈnəʊtˌpæd. mɑːˈsɛl lʊks æt ɪt ˈʌndə ðə laɪt.

”wɒt ɑː juː ˈdu(ː)ɪŋ?” ˈhɛnri ɑːsks.

mɑːˈsɛl dʌznt ˈɑːnsə. ðɛn hiː sɛz, ”ɑ(ː)ˈhɑː! aɪ wɒz raɪt. kæn juː siː?”

ˈhɛnri smaɪlz. ”jɛs, aɪ kæn. nɒt ˈvɛri wɛl, bʌt… ɪt sɛz, kɒnkɒ:d – sevən  ´twenti”.

mɑːˈsɛl pʊts daʊn ðə ˈnəʊtˌpæd ænd lʊks æt hɪz wɒʧ. ɪts sɪks əˈklɒk. ðɛn hiː stɑːts tuː rʌn daʊn ðə lɛg ɒv ðə ˈteɪbl.

ˈhɛnri rʌnz daʊn ðə lɛg ɒv ðə ˈteɪbl, tuː. “weər ɑː wiː ˈgəʊɪŋ naʊ?” hiː ɑːsks.

“hiːθrəʊ ˈeəpɔːt, ɒv kɔːs,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz.

æt 6.05 ðə tuː maɪs ɑːr ɪn əʊld ˈwɪltən striːt. ɪts dɑːk ænd kəʊld. ðeɪ wɔːk ˈkwɪkli tuː naitsbridʒ ˈsteɪʃən. ðeər ɑːr ə lɒt ɒv ˈfaɪəwɜːks. bæŋ! bæŋ! bæŋ!

mɑːˈsɛl ˈwɒʧɪz ðɛm. ðɛn hiː rɪˈmɛmbəz ðə ˈvɛri bɪg bæŋ ɪn ðə prəˈfɛsəz flæt.

“ðæt wɒz ˈklɛvə”, hiː θɪŋks. ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈklɛvə.

ðeər ɑː ˈhʌndrədz ɒv ˈpiːpl æt naitsbridʒ ˈsteɪʃən. mɑːˈsɛl ænd ˈhɛnri rʌn ˈʌndə ðeə lɛgz ænd bægz. mɑːˈsɛl kæn hɪər ə nɔɪz.

“kwɪk, ˈhɛnri,” hiː sɛz. “ə treɪnz ˈkʌmɪŋ.”

hiːz raɪt. ə treɪn ɪz ˈkʌmɪŋ ˈɪntuː ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ə saɪn ɒn ðə frʌnt ɒv ɪt sɛz, ˈhiːθrəʊ. ðə dɔːz ˈəʊpən ænd ðə maɪs gɛt ɒn.

ðeər ɑː ˈfɪfˈtiːn ˈsteɪʃənz bɪˈfɔː ˈhiːθrəʊ. ˈɛvri taɪm, ðə treɪn stɒps ˈhɛnri sɛz, “kwɪk, kwɪk – wɒt ɑː wiː ˈweɪtɪŋ fɔː?” ðɛn ðə dɔːz kləʊs ænd ðə treɪn stɑːts əˈgɛn.

æt ˈhiːθrəʊ, ðə maɪs gɛt ɒf. mɑːˈsɛl lʊks lɛft ænd raɪt. “weə duː wiː gəʊ naʊ?” hiː ɑːsks.

“aɪ dəʊnt nəʊ,” ˈhɛnri sɛz. hiː lʊks lɛft ænd raɪt, tuː.

ðeər ɑːr ə lɒt ɒv saɪnz. ðɛn ˈsʌdnli ˈhɛnri smaɪlz.

mɑːˈsɛl, lʊk! ðæt bluː saɪn sɛz “kɒnkɒ:d”.’

“gʊd,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. hiː lʊks æt hɪz wɒʧ. ɪts sevən ten. “lɛts gəʊ,” hiː sɛz.

ðə maɪs stɑːt tuː rʌn əˈgɛn. “mɑːˈsɛl,” ˈhɛnri sɛz, “wɒt ɑː wiː ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː duː? ˈəʊˈkeɪ, wiː faɪnd ðə ˈwʊmən… bʌt ðɛn wɒt duː wiː duː? haʊ duː wiː gɛt ðə ˈlɛtəz bæk?”

mɑːˈsɛl smaɪlz. “weɪt ænd siː,” hiː sɛz.

ðeɪ kʌm tuː ə dɔː. ɪt sɛz, siː-əʊ-ɛn-siː-əʊ-ɑː-diː-iː, bʌt ɪts kləʊzd. ˈhɛnri ænd mɑːˈsɛl stɒp ɪn frʌnt ɒv ɪt.

“əʊ nəʊ,” sɛz ˈhɛnri.

bʌt ðɛn tuː mɛn wɪð bɪg bægz ˈəʊpən ðə dɔːr ænd gəʊ ɪn. ðə maɪs gəʊ ɪn, tuː.

“gʊd,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. hiː lʊks æt ðə ˈpiːpl ɪn ðə ruːm. “naʊ… kæn juː siː hɜː?”

“nəʊ, aɪ kɑːnt,” ˈhɛnri sɛz.

mɑːˈsɛl smaɪlz. “aɪ kæn,” hiː sɛz.

“weə?”

“ðeə. ɪn frʌnt ɒv ʌs.”

ˈhɛnri lʊks. mɑːˈsɛl ɪz raɪt. ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən ɪz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɒn ə ʧeər ænd ˈlɪsnɪŋ tuː hɜː ˈwɔːkmən. ʃiːz ˈriːdɪŋ ə ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə, tuː. hɜː bæg ɪz ɒn ðə flɔː,

“əʊˈkeɪ – lɛts gəʊ,” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. hiː teɪks ə smɔːl naɪf frɒm hɪz kəʊt. “wɔːk bɪˈhaɪnd miː, ˈhɛnri – bʌt biː ˈvɛri, ˈvɛri ˈkwaɪət.”

hiː stɑːts tuː wɔːk əˈkrɒs ðə ruːm. ˈhɛnri wɔːks bɪˈhaɪnd hɪz frɛnd. mɑːˈsɛlz ə dɪˈtɛktɪv, hiː θɪŋks. ɪts ˈgəʊɪŋ tuː biː ˈəʊˈkeɪ. hiː nəʊz hɪz ʤɒb. hiː dʌz ðɪs ˈɛvri deɪ. jɛs… ɪts – ˈgəʊɪŋ – tuː biː – əʊ – keɪ.

mɑːˈsɛl stɒps ɪn frʌnt ɒv ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmənz bæg. hiː lʊks æt ˈhɛnri. “ʃʃʃʃ,” hiː sɛz. “weɪt hɪə.” ðɛn hiː klaɪmz ʌp ðə bæg.

ˈɑːftər ə ʃɔːt taɪm, hiː stɑːts tuː meɪk ə həʊl ɪn ɪt wɪð hɪz naɪf. ˈhɛnri ˈwɒʧɪz. hɪz maʊθ ɪz ˈəʊpən. hiː lʊks æt ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən. ʃiːz ˈlɪsnɪŋ tuː ˈmjuːzɪk ænd ˈriːdɪŋ. ʃiː dʌznt lʊk daʊn.

mɑːˈsɛl klaɪmz ˈɪntuː ðə bæg. ɪts dɑːk. hiː ˈkləʊsɪz hɪz aɪz ænd ˈəʊpənz ðɛm əˈgɛn. naʊ hiː kæn siː sʌm ʤiːnz, ə ˈreɪdɪəʊ, sʌm bʊks. ðɛn ˈsʌdnli hiː siːz ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz. gʊd, hiː θɪŋks.

hiː pʊts ðə ˈlɛtəz ɒn hɪz bæk ænd stɑːts tuː klaɪm daʊn əˈgɛn. ˈhɛnri siːz hɪm ænd smaɪlz.

bʌt ðɛn ðə maɪs hɪər ə nɔɪz.

bɪŋ bɒŋ!

ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən lʊks æt hɜː wɒʧ. ðɛn ʃiː teɪks ɒf hɜː ˈwɔːkmən ænd stɑːts tuː pʊt ɪt ɪn hɜː bæg.

“heɪ!” ʃiː sɛz. “wɒt…? tuː maɪs! wɒts ðɪs?”

“kwɪk, ˈhɛnri – kæʧ!” mɑːˈsɛl sɛz. hiː gɪvz ðə ˈlɛtəz tuː ˈhɛnri. ðɛn hiː klaɪmz daʊn ðə bæg. ðə maɪs rʌn ˈvɛri ˈkwɪkli wɪð ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz. ðeɪ kæn hɪə ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm. ʃiːz ˈrʌnɪŋ ˈvɛri ˈkwɪkli, tuː.

ðə dɔːr ɪz ˈəʊpən. ə mæn ɪz ˈkʌmɪŋ ɪn. hiːz fæt ænd hiː hæz tuː bægz. ðə maɪs rʌn ˈʌndə hɪz lɛgz. ðɛn mɑːˈsɛl hɪəz ə bɪg nɔɪz! hiː lʊks bɪˈhaɪnd hɪm. ði əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwʊmən ɪz ɒn ðə flɔː, ænd ðə mæn ɪz ˈtɔːkɪŋ tuː hɜː.

“sɒri,’ hiː sɛz. ɑː juː ˈəʊˈkeɪ?”

ðə ˈwʊmən stændz ʌp. “nəʊ!” ʃiː sɛz. ðɛn ʃiː lʊks fɔː ðə maɪs, bʌt ʃiː kɑːnt siː ðɛm.

æt naɪn əˈklɒk mɑːˈsɛl ænd ˈhɛnri ɑː bæk æt prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtənz flæt ɪn əʊld ˈwɪltən striːt. ðeə ˈvɛri ˈhæpi. mɑːˈsɛl ɪz ˈsɪtɪŋ ɒn ðə ˈteɪbl. ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz ɑːr ɪn frʌnt ɒv hɪm. hiːz ˈriːdɪŋ ðɛm. ˈhɛnri ɪz ˈstændɪŋ æt ðə ˈwɪndəʊ. hiːz ˈwɒʧɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪəwɜːks. ˈsʌdnli hiː siːz ə mæn ɪn ə braʊn kəʊt. ɪts prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən. hiːz ˈkʌmɪŋ həʊm.

ðə prəˈfɛsər ɪz ˈsmaɪlɪŋ. ðɛn hiː wɔːks ˈɪntuː hɪz flæt ænd ˈsʌdnli hiː stɒps ˈsmaɪlɪŋ. mɑːˈsɛl ænd ˈhɛnri ɑː ˈstændɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ə ʧeə. ðeɪ wɒʧ hɪm.

hiː gəʊz tuː ðə seɪf. ɪts ˈəʊpən. hiː lʊks ɪn ɪt ænd sɛz, “əʊ nəʊ!”

ðɛn hiː siːz ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz ɒn ðə ˈteɪbl. hiː pʊts wʌn hænd ɒn hɪz hɛd.

“aɪ dəʊnt ˌʌndəˈstænd.” hiː lʊks æt ðə seɪf. ðɛn hiː lʊks æt ðə ˈlɛtəz – ænd ðɛn hiː lʊks æt ðə seɪf əˈgɛn. “waɪ ɑː ðə ˈlɛtəz hɪə?” hiː sɛz.

“wɛn…? haʊ…? aɪ dəʊnt ˌʌndəˈstænd.”

ɪn ðə ˈmɔːnɪŋ, ˈhɛnri ænd mɑːˈsɛl gəʊ tuː ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mju(ː)zɪəm. ɪts ə kəʊld deɪ, ænd ɪts ˈreɪnɪŋ.

ɪn ðə mju(ː)ˈzɪəm, ðeər ɑːr ə lɒt ɒv ˈʤɜːnəlɪsts ænd ˌtiːˈviː ˈpiːpl. ðeə ˈweɪtɪŋ fɔː prəˈfɛsə ˈbɑːtən.

hiː əˈraɪvz æt tɛn əˈklɒk.

“gʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ,” hiː sɛz tuː ðɛm.

hiː stɑːts tuː tɔːk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈʃeɪkspɪə ˈlɛtəz. ðɛn hiː gɪvz ðə ˈlɛtəz tuː ə mæn frɒm ðə mju(ː)ˈzɪəm.

“θæŋk juː ˈvɛri mʌʧ, prəˈfɛsə,” ðə mæn sɛz.

ˈhɛnri ænd mɑːˈsɛl ɑː ˈstændɪŋ æt ðə bæk ɒv ðə ruːm. ˈhɛnri smaɪlz æt hɪz frɛnʧ frɛnd.

“ænd θæŋk juː, mɑːˈsɛl,” hiː sɛz.

ɪt ɪz ə truːθ ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli əkˈnɒlɪʤd, ðæt ə ˈsɪŋgl mæn ɪn pəˈzɛʃən ɒv ə gʊd ˈfɔːʧən, mʌst biː ɪn wɒnt ɒv ə waɪf.

haʊˈɛvə ˈlɪtl nəʊn ðə ˈfiːlɪŋz ɔː vjuːz ɒv sʌʧ ə mæn meɪ biː ɒn hɪz fɜːst ˈɛntərɪŋ ə ˈneɪbəhʊd, ðɪs truːθ ɪz səʊ wɛl fɪkst ɪn ðə maɪndz ɒv ðə səˈraʊndɪŋ ˈfæmɪliz, ðæt hiː ɪz kənˈsɪdəd ðə ˈraɪtfʊl ˈprɒpəti ɒv sʌm wʌn ɔːr ˈʌðər ɒv ðeə ˈdɔːtəz.

“maɪ dɪə Mr. ˈbɛnɪt,” sɛd hɪz ˈleɪdi tuː hɪm wʌn deɪ, “hæv juː hɜːd ðæt Netherfield pɑːk ɪz lɛt æt lɑːst?”

Mr. ˈbɛnɪt rɪˈplaɪd ðæt hiː hæd nɒt.

“bʌt ɪt ɪz,” rɪˈtɜːnd ʃiː; “fɔː Mrs. lɒŋ hæz ʤʌst biːn hɪə, ænd ʃiː təʊld miː ɔːl əˈbaʊt ɪt.”

Mr. ˈbɛnɪt meɪd nəʊ ˈɑːnsə.

“duː juː nɒt wɒnt tuː nəʊ huː hæz ˈteɪkən ɪt?” kraɪd hɪz waɪf ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli.

“juː wɒnt tuː tɛl miː, ænd aɪ hæv nəʊ əbˈʤɛkʃən tuː ˈhɪərɪŋ ɪt.”

ðɪs wɒz ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən ɪˈnʌf.

“waɪ, maɪ dɪə, juː mʌst nəʊ, Mrs. lɒŋ sɛz ðæt Netherfield ɪz ˈteɪkən baɪ ə jʌŋ mæn ɒv lɑːʤ ˈfɔːʧən frɒm ðə nɔːθ ɒv ˈɪŋglənd; ðæt hiː keɪm daʊn ɒn ˈmʌndeɪ ɪn ə ʧeɪz ænd fɔː tuː siː ðə pleɪs, ænd wɒz səʊ mʌʧ dɪˈlaɪtɪd wɪð ɪt, ðæt hiː əˈgriːd wɪð Mr. ˈmɒrɪs ɪˈmiːdiətli; ðæt hiː ɪz tuː teɪk pəˈzɛʃən bɪˈfɔː ˈmɪklməs, ænd sʌm ɒv hɪz ˈsɜːvənts ɑː tuː biː ɪn ðə haʊs baɪ ði ɛnd ɒv nɛkst wiːk.”

“wɒt ɪz hɪz neɪm?”

“ˈbɪngliː.”

“ɪz hiː ˈmærɪd ɔː ˈsɪŋgl?”

“əʊ! ˈsɪŋgl, maɪ dɪə, tuː biː ʃʊə! ə ˈsɪŋgl mæn ɒv lɑːʤ ˈfɔːʧən; fɔːr ɔː faɪv ˈθaʊzənd ə jɪə. wɒt ə faɪn θɪŋ fɔːr ˈaʊə gɜːlz!”

“haʊ səʊ? haʊ kæn ɪt əˈfɛkt ðɛm?”

“maɪ dɪə Mr. ˈbɛnɪt,” rɪˈplaɪd hɪz waɪf, “haʊ kæn juː biː səʊ ˈtaɪəsəm! juː mʌst nəʊ ðæt aɪ æm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɒv hɪz ˈmæriɪŋ wʌn ɒv ðɛm.”

“ɪz ðæt hɪz dɪˈzaɪn ɪn ˈsɛtlɪŋ hɪə?”

“dɪˈzaɪn! ˈnɒnsəns, haʊ kæn juː tɔːk səʊ! bʌt ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri ˈlaɪkli ðæt hiː meɪ fɔːl ɪn lʌv wɪð wʌn ɒv ðɛm, ænd ˈðeəfɔː juː mʌst ˈvɪzɪt hɪm æz suːn æz hiː kʌmz.”

“aɪ siː nəʊ əˈkeɪʒən fɔː ðæt. juː ænd ðə gɜːlz meɪ gəʊ, ɔː juː meɪ sɛnd ðɛm baɪ ðəmˈsɛlvz, wɪʧ pəˈhæps wɪl biː stɪl ˈbɛtə, fɔːr æz juː ɑːr æz ˈhænsəm æz ˈɛni ɒv ðɛm, Mr. ˈbɪngliː meɪ laɪk juː ðə bɛst ɒv ðə ˈpɑːti.”

“maɪ dɪə, juː ˈflætə miː. aɪ ˈsɜːtnli hæv hæd maɪ ʃeər ɒv ˈbjuːti, bʌt aɪ duː nɒt prɪˈtɛnd tuː biː ˈɛnɪθɪŋ ɪksˈtrɔːdnri naʊ. wɛn ə ˈwʊmən hæz faɪv ˈgrəʊnʌp ˈdɔːtəz, ʃiː ɔːt tuː gɪv ˈəʊvə ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ɒv hɜːr əʊn ˈbjuːti.”

“ɪn sʌʧ ˈkeɪsɪz, ə ˈwʊmən hæz nɒt ˈɒf(ə)n mʌʧ ˈbjuːti tuː θɪŋk ɒv.”

“bʌt, maɪ dɪə, juː mʌst ɪnˈdiːd gəʊ ænd siː Mr. ˈbɪngliː wɛn hiː kʌmz ˈɪntuː ðə ˈneɪbəhʊd.”

“ɪt ɪz mɔː ðæn aɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ fɔː, aɪ əˈʃʊə juː.”

“bʌt kənˈsɪdə jɔː ˈdɔːtəz. ˈəʊnli θɪŋk wɒt ən ɪsˈtæblɪʃmənt ɪt wʊd biː fɔː wʌn ɒv ðɛm. sɜː ˈwɪljəm ænd ˈleɪdi ˈluːkəs ɑː dɪˈtɜːmɪnd tuː gəʊ, ˈmɪəli ɒn ðæt əˈkaʊnt, fɔːr ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl, juː nəʊ, ðeɪ ˈvɪzɪt nəʊ ˈnjuːˌkʌməz. ɪnˈdiːd juː mʌst gəʊ, fɔːr ɪt wɪl biː ɪmˈpɒsəbl fɔːr ʌs tuː ˈvɪzɪt hɪm ɪf juː duː nɒt.”

“juː ɑː ˈəʊvə-ˈskruːpjʊləs, ˈʃʊəli. aɪ deə seɪ Mr. ˈbɪngliː wɪl biː ˈvɛri glæd tuː siː juː; ænd aɪ wɪl sɛnd ə fjuː laɪnz baɪ juː tuː əˈʃʊə hɪm ɒv maɪ ˈhɑːti kənˈsɛnt tuː hɪz ˈmæriɪŋ wɪʧˈɛvə hiː ˈʧuːzɪz ɒv ðə gɜːlz; ðəʊ aɪ mʌst θrəʊ ɪn ə gʊd wɜːd fɔː maɪ ˈlɪtl ˈlɪzi.”

“aɪ dɪˈzaɪə juː wɪl duː nəʊ sʌʧ θɪŋ. ˈlɪzi ɪz nɒt ə bɪt ˈbɛtə ðæn ði ˈʌðəz; ænd aɪ æm ʃʊə ʃiː ɪz nɒt hɑːf səʊ ˈhænsəm æz ʤeɪn, nɔː hɑːf səʊ ˈgʊdˈhjuːməd æz ˈlɪdɪə. bʌt juː ɑːr ˈɔːlweɪz ˈgɪvɪŋ hɜː ðə ˈprɛfərəns.”

“ðeɪ hæv nʌn ɒv ðɛm mʌʧ tuː ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðɛm,” rɪˈplaɪd hiː; “ðeɪ ɑːr ɔːl ˈsɪli ænd ˈɪgnərənt laɪk ˈʌðə gɜːlz; bʌt ˈlɪzi hæz ˈsʌmθɪŋ mɔːr ɒv ˈkwɪknɪs ðæn hɜː ˈsɪstəz.”

“Mr. ˈbɛnɪt, haʊ kæn juː əˈbjuːs jɔːr əʊn ˈʧɪldrən ɪn sʌʧ ə weɪ? juː teɪk dɪˈlaɪt ɪn ˈvɛksɪŋ miː. juː hæv nəʊ kəmˈpæʃən fɔː maɪ pʊə nɜːvz.”

“juː mɪsˈteɪk miː, maɪ dɪə. aɪ hæv ə haɪ rɪsˈpɛkt fɔː jɔː nɜːvz. ðeɪ ɑː maɪ əʊld frɛndz. aɪ hæv hɜːd juː ˈmɛnʃən ðɛm wɪð kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən ðiːz lɑːst ˈtwɛnti jɪəz æt liːst.”

“ɑː, juː duː nɒt nəʊ wɒt aɪ ˈsʌfə.”

“bʌt aɪ həʊp juː wɪl gɛt ˈəʊvər ɪt, ænd lɪv tuː siː ˈmɛni jʌŋ mɛn ɒv fɔː ˈθaʊzənd ə jɪə kʌm ˈɪntuː ðə ˈneɪbəhʊd.”

“ɪt wɪl biː nəʊ juːz tuː ʌs, ɪf ˈtwɛnti sʌʧ ʃʊd kʌm, sɪns juː wɪl nɒt ˈvɪzɪt ðɛm.”

“dɪˈpɛnd əˈpɒn ɪt, maɪ dɪə, ðæt wɛn ðeər ɑː ˈtwɛnti, aɪ wɪl ˈvɪzɪt ðɛm ɔːl.”

Mr. ˈbɛnɪt wɒz səʊ ɒd ə ˈmɪksʧər ɒv kwɪk pɑːts, sɑːˈkæstɪk ˈhjuːmə, rɪˈzɜːv, ænd kəˈpriːs, ðæt ði ɪksˈpɪərɪəns ɒv θriː-ænd-ˈtwɛnti jɪəz hæd biːn ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt tuː meɪk hɪz waɪf ˌʌndəˈstænd hɪz ˈkærɪktə. hɜː maɪnd wɒz lɛs ˈdɪfɪkəlt tuː dɪˈvɛləp. ʃiː wɒz ə ˈwʊmən ɒv miːn ˌʌndəˈstændɪŋ, ˈlɪtl ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃən, ænd ʌnˈsɜːtn ˈtɛmpə. wɛn ʃiː wɒz ˌdɪskənˈtɛntɪd, ʃiː ˈfænsid hɜːˈsɛlf ˈnɜːvəs. ðə ˈbɪznɪs ɒv hɜː laɪf wɒz tuː gɛt hɜː ˈdɔːtəz ˈmærɪd; ɪts ˈsɒləs wɒz ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ænd njuːz.

Noun phrases and noun clusters:

I

dog house
house dog

1. face mask
2. toy store
3. language school
4. gift shop
5. chicken soup bowl
6. car production costs
7. the England football team coach
8. the school cricket team coach
9. village church
10. kitchen window
11. door bell
12. sports car
13. office chair
14. picnic table
15. umbrella stand
16. coat pocket
17. potato peeler
18. ice bucket, ice cube, ice breaker, ice age, ice bucket challenge
19. spine injury
20. leather goods
21. police dog (dog police)
22. farm buildings
23. flower bed
24. family room couch
25. toy factory building
26. rock garden tools
27. four-bedroom country house
28. six-year prison sentence
29. grammar program
30. government administration
31. state subsidy
32. court case
33. trade deal
34. drug overdose
35. health care system
36. cancer treatments
37. comments section
38. insurance market
39. can sculpture
40. paper ornaments
41. nursery school
42. school nurse
43. nursing school
44. seasonal bedding plant nursery
45. marriage certificate
46. materials laboratory vs laboratory materials
47. grammar practice exercises
48. vision examination vs visual examination
49. government road accident research center
50. remote-sensing detectors
51. cross-section
52. laboratory set-up
53. power station
54. insurance policy, company policy, shop refund policy
55. the experienced summer baseball league staff
56. child health care research center
57. faculty office
58. a low-temperature power system
59. low-frequency system
60. water-proof material
61. bullet-proof vest
62. national security satellites
63. standard long-term effects
64. computer mediated communication
65. flea market
66. carboot sale

II

dog house
house dog

race horse
horse race

chocolate milk
milk chocolate

tour group
group tour

traffic light
light traffic

barrier cone
cone barrier

government official
official government website
government official website

software organisation
organisation software

phone case
bookcase
casebook

car production
production car

club record
record club

family member
member family

houseboat
boathouse

care home
home care

target market
market target

course management
management course
course management software

III

He is self-employed and carries out a range of building, repair and maintenance jobs to the outside of tall structures such as church spires, monuments, industrial chimneys and high rise buildings.

IV

Dawlish pub car park cliff plunge man rescued
(in: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-26010026)
(a screenshot of the article)

BIRD HEALTH RESEARCH CENTRE MURDER MYSTERY

FAX TRANSMISSION NETWORK ACCESS COST OPTIMIZATION PROPOSAL

V

service level agreement achievement percentage
business computing solution areas
security policy orchestration software
business process improvement methodologies
remote encryption passphrase reset
(source: http://contentrules.com/noun-cluster/)

Word order

1. the concerned parents
2. the parents concerned
3. the present situation
4. the people present
5. a responsible person
6. the person responsible

False friends:

I

1. skin, leather, hide, fur, pelt
2. letter, later, latter, ladder, lather, litter, liter
3. tough, taught, though, thought, through, throughout, thorough, threw
4. quiet, quite, quit, cute
5. brief, breathe, breath, bread, breadth
6. strait, straight
7. trust, thrust
8. great, grate, greet
9. corps, corpse
10. people, peoples
11. effect, affect
12. accident, incident
13. accept, except, expect
14. hair, hairs
15. work, works
16. damage, damages

II

1. She told him that she loved him.
2. Only she told him that she loved him.
3. She only told him that she loved him.
4. She told only him that she loved him.
5. She told him only that she loved him.
6. She told him that only she loved him.
7. She told him that she only loved him.
8. She told him that she loved only him.

III

1. man eating chicken, man-eating chicken
2. I am sorry I love you. I am sorry: I love you.
3. He eats, shoots, and leaves. He eats shoots and leaves.
4. I am going to eat, Grandma. I am going to eat Grandma.
5. I love cooking, my family, and friends. I love cooking my family and friends.
6. A woman, without her man, is nothing. A woman, without her, man is nothing.
7. twenty five-dollar bills, twenty-five dollar bills
8. Working twenty four-hour shifts is not the same as twenty-four hour shifts, or working twenty-four-hour shifts.

IV

1. Don’t sir me.
2. We eat what we can and what we can’t we can.
3. His cavalier attitude towards women is abominable.
4. The session ran well into the afternoon.
5. The cat jumped into the well.
6. You can come any day you want.
7. Mr Smith had an iron will and learned to walk again.
8. Without the will to win, the team won’t go far.
9. I really should make a will, just in case something happens.
10. Ed’s father didn’t leave him anything in his will.
11. The higher the temperature, the higher the pressure.
12. The more, the merrier.
13. They want to start a family soon.
14. She works for a well-known magazine.
15. Tom ordered a cheese sandwich.
16. I was busy doing housework when the doorbell rang.
17. A lonely child sometimes creates an imaginary friend to play with.
18. The Equator is just an imaginary line.
19. He was more imaginative than most history teachers.
20. They suggested some very imaginative ways of reducing costs.
21. 21 Things You’ll Always Long For
22. Don’t worry. Tom won’t be long.
23. I think Jody’s in her late twenties.
24. She hasn’t been looking too well lately.
25. She gave her late husband’s clothes to charity.
26. They met secretly in the conservatory.
27. There were a lot of exotic plants in the conservatory.
28. The duty on petrol has been raised.
29. He walked through customs.
30. His grandmother lives in the country.
31. Unlike acid rain or deforestation, global warming has no visible manifestation.
32. The demonstrations were a manifestation of the people’s discontent.
33. They held a rally outside the town hall.
34. She spread marmalade on her toast.
35. It seems to me his favourite occupation is eating.
36. The new homes will be ready for occupation in August.
37. The protesters voted to continue their occupation of the building.
38. Please give your name, address, and occupation.
39. The Prime Minister was quick to claim the credit for abolishing the tax.
40. He is credited with painting one hundred and twenty-five canvases.
41. His name wasn’t mentioned in the closing credits.
42. He is a credit to our school.
43. Homemade salad dressing is simple to make and comes together in minutes.
44. His work primarily involved dressings and bloodletting.
45. As a consultant physician I work a basic 48- hour week.
46. Could you give me the receipt, please?
47. Could you give me the recipe, please?
48. Both countries called for the peaceful resolution of the border dispute.
49. Diplomats are hoping for a speedy resolution to the crisis.
50. Make a resolution to go to the gym once a week.
51. She tried to use a sympathetic tone of voice.
52. Jill was a sympathetic listener.
53. Take/bring/fetch the child.
54. The incident affected the ultimate outcome of the war.
55. Ultimately, he’ll have to decide.
56. You might as well take your father’s car – there’s no point in having it sit there unused in the garage.
57. Firefighters battled to control a blaze at a disused warehouse.
58. I had no option but to pretend ignorance.
59. I pretend that things are really okay when they’re not.
60. The children pretend to be different animals dancing to the music.
61. The government abandoned any pretence of reform.
62. She made absolutely no pretence of being interested.
63. I soon realized my mistake.
64. This victory is the realization of our dreams.
65. Then came the sudden realization that he was in love with her.
66. Senior vice presidents report directly to the chief executive officer.
67. Two uniformed officers arrived on the scene quickly.
68. We elect the club’s officers at the first meeting of each year.
69. The prime minister has spent the day canvassing in Doncaster.
70. He has a closet full of designer suits.
71. His brother is a closet smoker.
72. He was closeted with the king.
73. She kept putting off the date.
74. Only a specialist can date those rocks.
75. “Don’t worry. The police will eventually catch him.” “I know they will. But eventually is a very long time.”
76. Although she had been ill for a long time, it still came as a shock when she eventually died.
77. Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party.
78. Work has begun on the construction of the new faculty building.
79. How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity?
80. Even though she is 102, she still has all of her faculties.
81. She has a faculty for inspiring confidence in people.
82. Has he ever worked hard? – He hardly ever works.
83. The government is promising a formal investigation.
84. We intend to make a formal written complaint.
85. When we first met, he was a little stiff and formal.
86. She’s got a lot of experience but no formal qualifications.
87. Don’t be too familiar with the customers.
88. His voice sounded familiar.
89. People are more relaxed in familiar surroundings.
90. He is not familiar with the customs of the country.
91. The medical council disqualified him for infamous misconduct.
92. Since it was raining, the kids had recess in the gymnasium.
93. The kitchen had a homely atmosphere.
94. Mrs Jones was a pleasant, homely person with a ready smile.
95. Brad was a serious boy, very ordinary-looking but not downright homely.
96. Pierce lost to the eventual winner of the tournament.
97. It is impossible to predict the eventual outcome of the negotiations.
98. The eventual design was a great improvement on the one we originally considered.
99. His mistakes led to his eventual dismissal.
100. Your help made a big difference.
101. It may not matter to you, but it makes a world of difference to me.
102. She says that she got into politics because she wanted to make a difference.
103. I could never tell the difference between him and his younger brother.
104. She found the business world very different from academia.
105. The meeting was chaired by a leading Japanese academic.
106. It was only with the revolutionary party that he was in full accord.
107. The opening chords of the Symphony were magnificent.
108. The actual situation was quite different.
109. The actual number of people killed is not yet known.
110. We don’t know her actual date of birth.
111. The play is based on actual events.
112. It looks like Jamie has left for good this time.
113. He was an untiring advocate of economic reform.
114. Voters supported candidates who advocated an Assembly.
115. He advocates the return of capital punishment.
116. I hadn’t seen him for 25 years. Still, I recognized him immediately when I saw him.
117. Even though she doesn’t really have the time, she still offered to help.
118. Her quiet words stilled the animal.
119. His father is a famous collector of Dutch and Flemish still lifes.
120. Still waters run deep.
121. Still more snow fell overnight.
122. He has yet to learn.
123. He loves tea as well as coffee.
124. She has invited Jill as well as Kate.
125. I might as well have a look.
126. She sounds alternately confused and confident.
127. His brother is an aspirant politician.
128. The aspirant actress worked as a waitress to pay her bills.
129. The library is open to the public.
130. The river burst its bank.
131. Willows lined the bank of the stream.
132. Thousands of jobs are in jeopardy.
133. Since it was Monday, we had to get up quite early.
134. They had to leave, for it was well past midnight.
135. I told her to leave, for I was very tired.
136. If it wasn’t for the life jacket, I would have drowned.
137. I didn’t say anything for fear of offending him.
138. For all her qualifications, she’s still useless at the job.
139. “How many people should I invite to the party?” “It’s not really for me to say.”
140. She remained silent, for her heart was heavy and her spirits low.We’re going to break for lunch very shortly.
141. Police arrived at the scene shortly after midnight.
142. Excuse me a moment, I’ll be with you shortly.
143. In accordance with his practice of good husbandry, he never buys anything on credit.
144. He gave a lecture on crop and animal husbandry.
145. The Gherkin tower has flat diamond-shaped windows.
146. They used it to further their nascent careers.
147. The film lends itself for an experience full of adventure.
148. Maths is not my best subject.
149. I’ve said all there is to be said on the subject.
150. He was subject to bouts of manic depression.
151. The proposed merger is subject to the approval of the shareholders.
152. The legislation is applicable only to British subjects.
153. The city had been subjected to Macedonian rule.
154. The scheme is dependent on goodwill between the two sides.
155. The company’s assets are worth £200 million, plus goodwill.
156. He hid the money in the cabinet.
157. There is a built-in cabinet in the hallway.
158. You will find the aspiring in the medicine cabinet.
159. My room was a mess and my parents were cross.
160. We don’t have much room in our house.
161. Many of Dickens’s characters are grotesque.
162. Runes are characters in the ancient Germanic script.
163. You ought to address your questions to the chair.
164. He is the best chef this hotel has ever had.
165. We all joined in the chorus of the song.
166. Civil engineering is a difficult discipline.
167. He is a pilot in the civil aviation.
168. I know you don’t like Phil, but try to be civil.
169. As deputy he had no vote, and he naturally took little share in the debates, but it was part of his duty to send written reports of the proceedings to his patron, since the government, with a well-grounded fear of all that might stir popular feeling, refused to allow any published reports.
170. Diet varies between different countries in the world.
171. He kept the fast for a week.
172. He skinned his knees climbing down the tree.
173. We learned how to trap and skin a rabbit.
174. You’ll need four ripe tomatoes, skinned and chopped.
175. He expects me to save his hide every time he messes up.
176. The inventory of his personal effects didn’t contain any jewellery.
177. Sir Henry can’t be very long now.
178. It is illegal to harbour a fugitive.
179. The water came from a natural hot spring.
180. Cheaper mattresses have springs that link together.
181. He walked with a spring in his step, excited to meet her.
182. ‘Let’s get going,’ my father cried, springing into action.
183. This boat will surely spring a leak.
184. He really enjoyed cross-country skiing.

Garden path sentences:

1. Fat people eat accumulates.
2. Mary gave the child the dog bit a band aid.
3. I convinced her children are noisy.
4. That Jill is never here hurts.
5. The old man the boat.
6. The complex houses married and single soldiers and their families.

The passive:

I

1. Tom was met at the airport. 
2. The door is being opened. 
3. A lot of money was paid by their parents. 
4. She is paid a lot of money. 
5. Jim will be told to wait here.
6. You haven’t been helped. 
7. The table was set by the waiting staff.  
   

II

1. That day she was seen little of. 
2. At that moment he was being listened to with great interest. 
3. A man who is much talked about is always very attractive. 
4. My daughter was sent for. 
5. He could see that the bed was empty and that it had not been slept in. 
6. Her marriage was looked upon as arranged by her parents. 
7. The child will be taken care of somehow, don’t worry about it. 
8. For several months now I have been trying to make myself heard in the popular press. I have been laughed at as a fool. 
9. The effect of his education could never be done away with. 
10. Benson told me that he had been written to and asked to take up the election campaign. 
11. When Mary came in, the wedding preparations were being agreed upon. 
12. I have been given to understand that you can be relied upon. 
13. One child in a household of grown people is usually made very much of. 
14. Julia was both pleasant to look at and interesting to talk to.
    (source: English Grammar Practice – Анна Павлова, Лили Грозева, София, 1993)

III

Has Tom had his hair cut?
Tom will have the participants called.
Tom will have his secretary call the participants.

Основна форма на глагола (инфинитив)	Форма за минало просто време	Минало причастие	Превод
Група I
bet /bet/	bet /bet/	bet /bet/	обзалагам се
cost /kɒst/	cost /kɒst/	cost /kɒst/	струвам
cut /kʌt/	cut /kʌt/	cut /kʌt/	режа
hit /hɪt/	hit /hɪt/	hit /hɪt/	удрям
hurt /hɜː(r)t/	hurt /hɜː(r)t/	hurt /hɜː(r)t/	наранявам
let /let/	let /let/	let /let/	позволявам
put /pʊt/	put /pʊt/	put /pʊt/	поставям
shut /ʃʌt/	shut /ʃʌt/	shut /ʃʌt/	затварям
Група II
lose /luːz/	lost /lɒst/	lost /lɒst/	губя
get /ɡet/	got /ɡɒt/	got /ɡɒt/	получавам
shoot /ʃuːt/	shot /ʃɒt/	shot /ʃɒt/	стрелям
light /laɪt/	lit /lɪt/	lit /lɪt/	запалвам
sit /lɪt/	sat /sæt/	sat /sæt/	сядам
keep /kiːp/	kept /kept/	kept /kept/	пазя
sleep /sliːp/	slept /slept/	slept /slept/	спя
feel /fiːl/	felt /felt/	felt /felt/	чувствам
leave /liːv/	left /left/	left /left/	напускам
meet /miːt/	met /met/	met /met/	срещам
bring /brɪŋ/	brought /brɔ:t/	brought /brɔ:t/	донасям
buy /baɪ/	bought /bɔ:t/	bought /bɔ:t/	купувам
fight /fait/	fought /fɔ:t/	fought /fɔ:t/	бия се
think /θiηk/	thought /θɔ:t/	thought /θɔ:t/	мисля
catch /kætʃ/	caught /kɔ:t/	caught /kɔ:t/	хващам
teach /ti:tʃ/	taught /tɔ:t/	taught /tɔ:t/	преподавам
sell /sel/	sold /sould/	sold /sould/	продавам
tell /tel/	told /tould/	told /tould/	казвам
pay /pei/	paid /peid/	paid /peid/	плащам
make /meik/	made /meid/	made /meid/	правя
stand /stænd/	stood /stud/	stood /stud/	стоя
understand /ʌndə´stænd/	understood /ʌndə´stud/	understood /ʌndə´stud/	разбирам
build /bild/	built /bilt/	built /bilt/	строя
lend /lend/	lent /lent/	lent /lent/	давам на заем
send /send/	sent /sent/	sent /sent/	изращам
spend /spend/	spent /spent/	spent /spent/	харча
find /faind/	found /faund/	found /faund/	намирам
have /hæv/	had /hæd/	had /hæd/	имам
hear /hiə/	heard /hə:d/	heard /hə:d/	чувам
hold /hould/	held /held/	held /held/	държа
read /ri:d/	read /red/	read /red/	чета
say /sei/	said /sed/	said /sed/	казвам
Група III
drive /draiv/	drove /drouv/	driven /drivn/	шофирам
ride /raid/	rode /roud/	ridden /ridən/	яздя
rise /raiz/	rose /rouz/	risen /rizn/	изгрявам
write /rait/	wrote /rout/	written /ritn/	пиша
bite /bait/	bit /bit/	bitten /bitn/	хапя
hide /haid/	hid /hid/	hidden /hidn/	крия се
break /breik/	broke /brouk/	broken /broukən/	чупя
choose / tʃu:z/	chose /tʃouz/	chosen /tʃouzn/	избирам
speak /spi:k/	spoke /spouk/	spoken /spoukən/	говоря
wake /weik/	woke /wouk/	woken /woukn/	събуждам
blow /blou/	blew /blu:/	blown /bloun/	духам
grow /grou/	grew /gru:/	grown /groun/	раста
know /nou/	knew /nju:/	known /noun/	знам
fly /flai/	flew /flu:/	flown /floun/	летя
draw /drɔ:/	drew /dru:/	drawn /drɔ:n/	рисувам
show /ʃou/	showed /ʃoud/	shown /ʃoun/	показвам
wear /wɛə/	wore /wɔ:/	worn /wɔ:n/	нося (дреха)
tear /tɛə/	tore /tɔ:/	torn /tɔ:n/	късам
begin /bi´gin/	began /bi´gæn/	begun /bi´gʌn/	започвам
drink /driηk/	drank /dræηk/	drunk /dræηk/	пия
swim /swim/	swam /swæm/	swum /swʌm/	плувам
ring /riη/	rang /ræη/	rung /rʌη/	звъня
sing / siη/	sang /sæη/	sung /sʌη/	пея
eat /i:t/	ate /eit/	eaten /i:tn/	ям
fall /fɔ:l/	fell /fel/	fallen /fɔ:lən/	падам
forget /fə´get/	forgot /fə´gɔt/	forgotten /fɔ´gɔtn/	забравям
give /giv/	gave /geiv/	given /givən/	давам
see / si:/	saw /sɔ:/	seen /si:n/	виждам
take /teik/	took /tuk/	taken /´teikn/	вземам

WARM-UP

• Could you tell
  me your name, please?
  
• What shall I
  call you?/ How can I address you?
  
• Does your name
  have any special meaning?
  
• Is your name
  important to you?
  

HOMETOWN

• Where do you come from?
• Where do you live?
• Where is your hometown?
• What is your hometown like?
• Do you like your hometown?
• How often do you visit your hometown?
• Are there any tourist attractions in your hometown?
• What is there for a foreigner to do or see in your hometown?
• Could you tell me something about the history of your hometown?
• Has your hometown changed much since you were a child?
• Do you think your hometown is a good place to bring up children?
• How could your hometown be improved?
• Is it easy to travel round your hometown? Is there good public transportation in your hometown?
• Tell me about the neighborhood/part of town you live in.
• What kind of street do you live in?
• What is the weather like in your hometown?
• What is your hometown known for?
• What are the main industries in your hometown?
• What problems does your hometown face?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in your hometown?
• What is your favourite place in your hometown?

NEIGHBOURS AND NEIGHBOURHOODS

• Do you like your neighbours?
• Are neighbours usually close to each other in your country?
• What is your neighbourhood like?
• Do you think your neighbourhood is a good place for children?
• How could your neighbourhood be improved?
• Do you think it is important to have a good relationship with your neighbours?

WORK

• What is your
  job?
  
• Where do you
  work?
  
• Why did you
  choose this job?
  
• How long have
  you been doing your job?
  
• Is it a popular
  job in your country?
  
• Do you like
  your job?/Are you satisfied with your job?
  
• Do you get on
  well with your colleagues?
  
• What was your
  fist day on the job like?
  
• What
  responsibilities do you have at work?
  
• If you had a
  chance, would you change your job?/Are you willing to keep your job
  permanently?/Do you plan to continue doing this job in the future?
  
• What’s your
  daily routine on a working day?
  
• What is your
  ideal job?
  

STUDY

• What do you
  study?/What is your major/area of specialization?
  
• Where do you
  study that?
  
• Why did you
  choose this subject?
  
• Is it a popular
  subject in your country?
  
• Do you like
  that subject?
  
• Do you get on
  well with your classmates?
  
• What was your
  first day in your present school like?
  
• What are the
  main aspects of your major?
  
• If you had the
  chance, would you change majors?
  
• Do you plan to
  get a job in the same field as your major?
  
• What is the
  education system like in your country?
  
• What single
  aspect would you like to change in your school or university?
  
• How is
  education helpful in shaping a person’s life?
  

HOME

• Where is your home?
• Do you live in a house or a flat?
• Who do you live with?
• Are there many rooms in your home?
• What is your favourite room?
• How are the walls decorated in your room?
• What would you like to change about your home?
• Do you plan to live there in the future?
• What facilities are there near your home?
• What is your neighbourhood like?
• Do most people in your country live in houses?

DAILY ROUTINE

• When do you usually get up in the morning?
• Do you usually have the same routine every day?
• What is your daily routine?
• Do you ever change your routine?
• Is your routine the same today as it was when you were younger?
• Do you think it is important to have a daily routine?
• Does your life change much from week to week?

EVENINGS

• What do you often do in the evenings?
• Do you do the same thing every evening?
• Do you prefer to spend your evenings with family or friends?
• Do you ever work or study in the evenings?
• What is a popular activity for young people in your country in the evenings?
• Do you do the same thing in the evenings as you did when you were younger?

LEISURE TIME

• What is your favourite leisure activity?
• What did you enjoy doing in your free time as a child?
• Do you prefer to spend your free time with other people or alone?
• What is a common leisure activity in your country?
• Do you think leisure time is important?
• Do most people in your country get two days off a week?
• How has the way people spend their free time changed over the years?

FAMILY AND FRIENDS

• Do you spend much time with your family?
• Who are you closest to in your family?
• Do you prefer spending time with your family or friends?
• What do you like doing with your family?
• What is your favourite memory with your family members?
• In what way is your family important to you?
• Is family important in your country?
• In what ways have families changed over the past fifty to hundred years?
• Should we rely heavily on our families or is it better to try to be independent?
• Should husbands and wives have different roles within the family?
• What responsibilities do parents have towards their children?
• What responsibilities do children have towards their parents?
• Who is your best friend?
• Are you still friends with people from your childhood?
• Do you have many friends?
• What do you usually do with your friends?
• Do you prefer one or two close friends or many friends?
• How do you make friends?
• What do you expect from a good friend?
• Do you think friendships change when we get older? How?

NEWSPAPERS AND BOOKS

• How do you usually get your news?
• Do you often read newspapers?
• What kind of news do you usually follow?
• How do most people get the news in your country?
• Do you think international news is important?
• Do you often read?
• What is your favourite kind of book to read?
• Do you read e-books?
• What books did you read as a child?
• Do you think it is important to encourage children to read?
• Do you think it is important for people to read a lot?
• Are newspapers better for learning the news than listening to the radio or watching TV?
• Do you think newspapers should be completely free to say what they want?
• What do people enjoy reading in your country?
• Do you think the media should be allowed to publish stories about the private lives of public figures?

BIRTHDAYS

• Do you enjoy your birthdays?
• Do you usually celebrate your birthday?
• What did you do on your last birthday?
• Can you remember a birthday that you enjoyed as a child?
• Do most people celebrate their birthdays with a party in your country?
• Which birthdays are considered important in your country?

HOBBIES

• Do you have a hobby?
• How much time do you spend on your hobby?
• When did you develop this hobby?
• What equipment do you need for it?
• Do you think hobbies should be shared with other people?
• Did you have a hobby as a child?
• What hobbies are popular in your country?
• Why do you think people have hobbies?

SPORT

• Do you like sport?
• What is your favourite sport?
• Do you you often watch sport on TV?
• Do you do a sport?
• Are you good at it?
• What do you do to keep fit?
• What are the best ways to keep fit?
• How often do you do it?
• What equipment do you need for your favourite sport?
• Did you do a sport as a child?
• What is the most popular sport in your country?
• How do most people in your country keep fit?
• Do you think most people consider exercise a chore or they do it for fun?
• Do you think that people in your country are less healthy than they used to be?
• How can young people be encouraged to stay healthy?
• Should the government intervene to force people to be healthier?

CHILDHOOD

• Did you enjoy your childhood?
• What is your first memory of your childhood?
• Did you have a lot of friends when you were a child?
• What did you enjoy doing as a child?
• Do you think it is better for children to grow up in the city or in the countryside?

FOOD

• What is your favourite food?
• How often do you eat your favourite food?
• Have you always liked the same food?
• What types of food do you dislike?
• Is food important to you?
• Do you have a healthy diet?
• What kind of foods are considered healthy?
• What do you think of fast food?
• Is take-away always unhealthy?
• Will people depend on fast food more in the future?
• What foods are popular in your country/region?
• What is the staple food in your country/region?
• What local dishes is your region famous for?
• Do you enjoy cooking? Are you good at it?
• Who taught you to cook?
• Who did the cooking in your family when you were a child?
• Do you think it is important to know how to cook well?
• Do you think children should be taught cookery at school?
• Do you prefer eating at home or in restaurants?
• Do you think some people take dieting too far?
• Are some people becoming obsessed with what they eat?

GOING OUT

• Do you often go out in the evenings?
• How often do you go out?
• What do you like to do when you go out?
• What type of places do you prefer to go to?
• Do you prefer going out on your own or with your friends?
• Do people in your country go out a lot?
• Where do young people like to go out in your country?
• How and where do people in your country usually socialise?
• What kind of entertainment is popular in your country?

SHOPPING

• Do you like shopping?
• How do you feel about shopping?
• What is your favourite shop?
• Do you prefer shopping alone or with others?
• What kinds of shops do you like?
• Do you buy things online?
• Do you think men and women have different attitudes towards shopping?
• What don’t you like about shopping (online)?
• Which is the most popular place to shop in your hometown?
• What typical things can visitors to your country buy?
• What can shops do to make shopping more pleasant for the customers?
• Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets? Which type of open-air market (food/clothes/second-hand) is the most popular?
• Do you think young people feel the same about shopping at markets as older people?
• What are the advantages/disadvantages of buying things from shops rather than markets?
• How does advertising influence what people choose to buy? is this true for everyone?
• How have the recent changes in the way people live have affected their shopping habits?

MONEY

• Is it a good idea to save money?
• Do you think people are happier if they have money?

TV

• Do you ofetn watch TV?
• What sort of programmes do you watch on TV?
• What is your favourite TV programme?
• Do you ever watch foreign programmes or film?
• What did you watch on TV when you were a child?
• Do you think children should watch TV?
• How many hours of TV do you usually watch?
• What are the most popular TV shows in your country?
• What did you last watch on TV?
• Why do you think certain TV shows are so popular?

MUSIC

• Do you like music?
• What is your favourite type of music?
• Did you like the same kind of music when you were younger?
• When do you usually listen to music?
• Can you sing?
• Can you play a musical instrument?
• Did you learn music at school?
• If you could learn a musical instrument, what would it be?
• What is your favourite musical instrument?
• Do you think music is important?
• What are the benefits of listening to music?

PETS

• Do you have a pet?
• Do you like animals?
• What is your favourite animal?
• What is a popular pet to have in your country?
• Did you have a pet as a child?
• Why do people have pets?

FESTIVALS

• What is your
  favourite festival?
  
• How do people
  celebrate this festival?
  
• What is the
  most important festival in your country?
  
• How do people
  celebrate this festival?
  
• What special
  activities are associated with this festival?
  
• What do you
  enjoy most about this festival?
  
• Do you think
  festivals are important for a society?
  

MARRIAGE

• What is the
  attitude towards marriage in your country?
  
• At what age do
  people usually get married in your country?
  
• Is divorce rate
  high in your country?
  

FILMS

• Do you enjoy watching films?
• What is your favorite film?
• Who are your favorite actors?
• How often do you watch films?

TRANSPORT AND TRAVEL

• How did you get here today?
• What is your favourite mode of transport?
• Do you ever use public transport?
• Is the public transportation system in your town efficient?
• Do traffic jams occur in your hometown or in the town you live in?
• What is the most common means of transport in your country?
• Do you like the transport system in your country?
• What changes in transportation have taken place in the past ceveral years in your country?
• What is the difference between taking a bus and taking a train?
• Do you like travelling?
• Do you prefer to travel alone or with friends?
• What do you usually do when you first arrive in a new place?
• What are the benefits of travelling?
• Why do so many people like travelling nowadays?
• Do you think it is true that travelling broadens the mind?
• Do you think young people and old people benefit differently from travelling?
• How can you make sure you get the most from your travels?

TOURISM AND HOLIDAYS

• Do a lot of tourists visit your country?
• What do they usually do there?
• How has tourism changed your country?
• Is your country expensive for tourists to visit?
• What are some famous landmarks in your country?
• What do you do when you go on holiday?
• What type of holidays appeal to you most?
• Who do you usually spend your holidays with?
• What is the ideal holiday destination?
• Which countries would you most like to visit?
• Which part of your country would you recommend to tourists?
• Do you think you would like to work in the travel industry?
• Why do people like to travel to different places in their free time?
• How do you see tourism changing in your country in the future?
• Why are historic buildings and monuments important to a city?
• Is it better to keep old buildings, or build new ones?

ENVIRONMENT

• Why is it important to protect the environment?
• In what ways is the environment in danger in your country/region?

FUTURE PLANS

• What do you hope to be doing this time next year?
• What are you planning to do in the next five years?
• How do you think you might use your English speaking skills in the future?
• Would you ever consider moving to another country (to study/live) (temporarily/permanently)?
• Are you someone who likes to plan for the future or do you prefer to let things happen?

WEATHER

• What is the weather like today?
• What is your favourite weather?
• What is the climate/weather like in your country/region?
• How many seasons does your country have?
• Do you like the weather in your country/region?
• Does the weather affect your mood?
• How do rainy days affect your mood?
• Does the weather in your country affect transportation?
• What is your favourite season?
• What do you like to do when it is hot?
• What do you usually do in your free time in winter/summer?
• Have you noticed any changes in the weather in the last few years?

GAMES

• Do you enjoy playing any games?
• What kind of games do you play?
• Do you think adults should play games?
• What do children learn from games?
• What kind of games did you play when you were a child?
• What games are popular in your country?
• What games were popular in your country when you were young?
• Do you play any outdoor games?

CLOTHES

• Are clothes important to you?
• What kind of clothes do you usually wear?
• Do you ever wear the traditional clothes of your country?
• Where do you usually buy your clothes?
• Have you ever worn a uniform?
• Do most people/young people in your country follow fashion?
• What kind of clothes do people wear to work in your country?
• Are clothes expensive in your country?
• Do you think people behave differently when they wear different kinds of clothes?

COLOURS

• Do you have a favourite colour?
• What are your country’s colours?
• Do you think colours affect our mood?
• Can you learn anything about a person from the colours s/he likes?
• Do you like the same colours now as you did when you were a child?

FLOWERS

• Do you like flowers?
• What is your favorite flower?
• When was the last time you gave someone flowers?
• Do any flowers have a special meaning in your country?
• Why do you think women like flowers more than men?

COMPUTERS

• Do you often use a computer?
• How do you usually get online? How often do you go online?
• Do you prefer desktops or laptops?
• What do you use your computer for?
• How long have you been using a computer?
• Do you think it is important to learn how to use a computer?
• What do you use the internet for?
• How often do you check your email/your social media profile?
• Do you think children should be allowed unsupervised access to the internet?
• Do you think computers help society?
• How have computers changed the world?
• How do you interact with your friends over the internet?

ART

• Are you good at art?
• Did you learn art at school when you were a child?
• What kind of art do you like?
• What makes a good painting?
• Is art popular in your country?
• What are the traditional art forms in your country?
• Have you ever been to an art gallery?
• Do you think children benefit from going to art galleries?
• Do you think children should study art at school?
• How can children benefit from studying art?
• How has art changed in the last few decades in your country?

SMOKING

• How do you feel about smoking in public places?
• Do you think smoking should be banned in people’s homes?

HAPPINESS

• What usually makes you happy?
• What makes you unhappy?
• Does the weather affect how you feel?
• Do you think that people in your country are generally happy?

DICTIONARIES

• Do you often use a dictionary?
• What do you use dictionaries for?
• What kind of dictionaries do you think are most useful?
• Do you think dictionaries are useful for learning languages?
• What kind of information can you find in a dictionary?

WEDDINGS

• Have you ever been to a wedding?
• Whose wedding was it?
• Where was it held?
• What clothes did people wear?
• Describe the wedding ceremony?
• What sort of gifts do people in your country buy for weddings?
• What kind of clothes do the bride and groom usually wear?
• What is the most common wedding tradition in your country?

PERSONALITY AND CHARACTER

• What are the most important characteristics of your personality?
• Would you like to be different?
• Is your personality suited for your job?
• In what ways has your personality changed over the years?
• Are you more introverted or more extroverted?
• Do you think you can change a major characteristic of your personality if you try? If you could change one aspect of your personality, what would that be?
• What personality traits do you consider important in a good friend/a boss/a partner/a good leader?
• Do you think birth order accounts for differences in one’s personality?
• What kind of people do you get along with?
• How important is personality when you are choosing a spouse?
• What is your best personality trait?